
Understanding the current financial crisis/meltdown is vital, especially for Conservatives and Libertarians...because it’s a Liberal one and there are people deliberately seeking to obfuscate that fact.
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It's natural for people to seek to explain things in ways that fir their own preconceived notions, so you here Liberals talking about - "the failure of the free market," despite the fact that we haven't had a Free Market in America since around 1910. Others look to the President, despite the fact that it is Congress and ONLY Congress that controls the government's purse strings - tax policies, banking policies, Fannie and Freddie and, in fact, the federal budget.
As to the recent “Mortgage Meltdown,” John Fund recently wrote, “The two institutions (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) have long been run not by bankers but by retired political figures, predominantly Democrats. From 1991 to 1998, Fannie Mae was headed by James Johnson, a longtime aide to former Democratic vice president Walter Mondale. Johnson’s successor, Franklin D. Raines, had served as budget director to Bill Clinton. Jamie Gorelick, vice chair of Fannie Mae from 1998 to 2003, served as deputy attorney general in the Clinton administration.
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"These figures have paid themselves impressive private-sector salaries. Johnson earned US$21-million in just his last year at Fannie Mae. Raines earned US$90-million for five years’ work at Fannie Mae. Gorelick got US$26-million.
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“Yet the companies never had to meet the discipline of the private marketplace. They paid no taxes, and they had access to a line of credit at the Treasury department. More ominously for today’s crisis: They were not required to provide anything like the level of information about their internal operations expected of a privately owned company.
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“This non-transparency allowed Fannie Mae to engage in serious accounting fraud, overstating its earnings by more than US$6-billion over the Raines years — overstatements that incidentally justified the company’s lavish compensation packages. (Both Johnson and Raines incidentally also received below-market mortgages from the large mortgage company — and major Fannie Mae beneficiary — Countrywide Mortgage.)
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“The loss of confidence that struck the markets this week has been gathering for years. It is the natural byproduct of the bad practice of merging private business with government power.
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“As so often happens with large scandals, the cost will fall on everyone except the responsible parties. In 2006, federal regulators sued Franklin Raines and two other Fannie Mae executives to recover US$115-million of compensation. The case was settled for US$3-million, plus the surrender of some (now probably valueless) stock options and other contingent benefits. The US$3-million was paid from Fannie Mae’s own insurance.
This was coupled with calls through the 1980s and 1990s by LIBERAL Democrats to outlaw red-lining (charging higher interest rates in high-foreclosure areas) AND basing loan rates and approvals solely on credit scores – AGAIN, THAT’S “Credit Socialism.” In 1999 Phil Gramm proposed a Bill (the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act) that allowed banks to offer a wider, actually "full array" of financial services, from banking and lending to a host of investment vehicles. This had been a trend within the banking community for years leading up to that point. STIILL, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is not related to, let alone responsible for the current meltdown. The impetus for the mortgage meltdown was what appears to be ineptitude that rises to the level of MALFEASANCE at both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the subsequent "packaging of bad paper" (high risk loans) as "government-backed mortgage instruments, which ultimately led to the recent wave of SHORT-SELL attacks on many financial services companies.
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Prior to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, of November 1999, most financial services companies were already offering both saving and investment opportunities to their customers. On the retail/consumer side, a bank called Norwest led the charge in offering all types of financial services products in 1986. American Express attempted to own almost every field of financial business (although there was little synergy among them). Things culminated in 1998 when Travelers, a financial services company with everything but a retail/commercial bank, bought out Citibank, creating the largest and the most profitable company in the world. The move was technically illegal and provided impetus for the passage of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.
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Also prior to the passage of the Act, there were many relaxations to the Glass-Steagall Act. For example, a few years earlier, commercial Banks were allowed to get into investment banking, and before that banks were also allowed to get into stock and insurance brokerage. Insurance underwriting was the only main operation they weren't allowed to do, something rarely done by banks even after the passage of the Act.
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Much consolidation occurred in the financial services industry since, but not at the scale some had expected. Retail banks, for example, do not tend to buy insurance underwriters, as they seek to engage in a more profitable business of insurance brokerage by selling products of other insurance companies. Other retail banks were slow to market investments and insurance products and package those products in a convincing way.
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Crucial to the passing of the Gramm-Leach-Bliiley Act was an amendment made to the GLBA, stating that no merger may go ahead if any of the financial holding institutions, or affiliates thereof, received a "less than satisfactory [sic] rating at its most recent CRA exam", but this was assailed by the Clinton administration as “having a deterimental impact on minority businesses.” Gramm-Leach-Bliley expanded banking's scope, but it did not cause the incompetence and malfeasance at Fannie and Freddie, nor the subsequent disastrous fallout.
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This is NOT a Democratic scandal in my view, it is overwhelmingly a LIBERAL-Democratic scandal, as McCain and G W Bush sought to overhaul and reform (cut-back) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2003 and 2005, while LIBERALS like Chris Dodd, Charles Rangel and Barney Franks sought to preserve the failing policies of “Credit Socialism.”
ALL of the current financial crises and there are TWO (the mortgage/credit crisis and the short-selling spurred demise of good performing companies).
The first (the credit crisis) created the opportunities for the 2nd among some investors.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have always been derided by many Americans (including myself), basically, those who'd never had a problem getting a conventional mortgage) as “lenders of last resort,” or “lenders to losers.” Now, it appears that they were far, FAR worse – doling out MILLION DOLLAR mortgages to well-connected (mostly connected to Liberal Democrats) people who were poor credit risks for those amounts! They also doled out hundreds of billions of dollars in high risk “bad loans/mortgages” which was, in effect, “credit socialism.”
What BOTH those mismanaged entities did was to (1) by their ability to get special, lower rates from the Fed, they were able to unfairly compete against private lenders, thereby forcing those institutions to find “creative financing” ways to sell their loans and (2) they “packaged paper” (bad loans) and sold these as “government backed” mortgage securities to our own brokerage houses, to our banks and to financial institutions abroad! Those two things CREATED the current “mortgage/credit crisis.”
In other words, the failures at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were entirely responsible for the “mortgage meltdown.”
The widespread infection of those failing “government-backed mortgage instruments” created the opportunity for some investors (smart ones) to “SHORT” or short-sell financial stocks (banks, brokerages, etc.). There is NOTHING either illegal or unethical about short-selling.
In this case, the short-selling did actual harm to some very well-run and still profitable companies like Lehman Brothers, Wachovia Bank, Bank of America, etc. because with HUGE investors (like say Hedge Funds as a for instance) all SHORTING those stocks, the stock price drops, just as a betting line would drop when a huge amount of money is dropped on or in favor of the underdog. With their stock prices falling, these institutions could no longer borrow money and ALL institutions need to borrow money – so they were forced with either finding merger partners OR closing their doors...OR getting a government bailout!
The short-sellers have certainly reaped a lot of financial harm, BUT it’s not their fault – their motive was profit and a “return on investment” NOT deliberately doing any harm to others. There was nothing malicious about the short-selling. They saw an opportunity and took advantage of it. It’s as simple as that.
The real underlying cause of this entire train wreck was the utter ineptitude and massive corruption at Fannie and Freddie (BOTH, as John Fund correctly notes, “the domain of Liberal Democrats”. It was the “credit socialism” – creating credit out of thin air for people (poorer people) who didn’t warrant or deserve it, that created the current crisis.
To their credit, G W Bush and John McCain tried mightily to reform (scale back) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2003 (http://sweetness-light.com/archive/bush-mccain-tried-to-reform-housing-finance) and again in 2005 (http://www.govtrack.us/congress/record.xpd?id=109-s20060525-16&bill=s109-190#sMonofilemx003Ammx002Fmmx002Fmmx002Fmhomemx002Fmgovtrackmx002Fmdatamx002Fmusmx002Fm109mx002Fmcrmx002Fms20060525-16.xmlElementm0m0m0m) – I believe that Obama joined with Barney Franks and Chris Dodd in opposition to those reforms. To this day, the Obama campaign is surrounded by some of the Fannie Mae villains (Franklin Raines and Jim Johnson, to name two).
Since January of 2007 (the last two years) we’ve had, for better or worse, “the Pelosi-Reid economy.” They’ve supported the so-called and misnamed “stimulus package,” the bailouts, etc.
With Pelosi-Reid, TWO very LIBERAL Democrats, running Congress, it’s no wonder we’ve seen a return to disastrous Keynesian policies.
The results of the last two years are ALL on them!
Without question, the American economy has NOT “improved” since 2005-2006, it has gotten markedly WORSE due to the Pelosi-Reid return to Keynesian policies and the undermining of the economy by mismanagement and malfeasance at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the “credit socialism” they sought to use to engage in some social engineering with.
THANKS to Solange for inspiring this post.